LED Bulb

LED bulbs use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and phosphors to produce light, which is a different from traditional incandescent bulbs that rely on heating a filament until it glows. Here’s how a typical white LED bulb works:

  1. Electrical Current: When you switch on an LED bulb, an electrical current passes through a semiconductor material inside the bulb.
  2. Electron Movement: This current causes electrons to move through the semiconductor. As these electrons move, they release energy in the form of high energy photons, which are particles of light.
  3. Light Emission: The photons are emitted as light. The color of the light depends on the materials used in the semiconductor but in standard LED bulbs, the emitted photons are generally blue photons with wavelength around 450nm.
  4. Light Down-conversion: Some of the emitted LED blue photons are down-converted to green-yellow-orange photons using a phosphor layer coated on top of the LED. The combination of blue LED light and the broadband phosphor light is what we perceive as white light.
  5. Efficient and Cool: Unlike incandescent bulbs, LEDs don’t get very hot because they don’t use heat to create light. This makes them more energy-efficient and longer-lasting.

LED bulbs generally have higher efficiency because they use semiconductor and solid-state phosphor technology to turn electrical and optical energy directly into light with minimal wasted heat.

Key advantages of LED bulbs:

  • Energy efficiency: LEDs use significantly less energy than traditional bulbs for the same amount of light output, resulting in lower electricity bills.
  • Longevity: LEDs have a much longer lifespan than traditional bulbs, lasting for many years without needing replacement. 
  • Durability: They are more resistant to shock and vibration.
  • Environmental friendliness: They contain no mercury, unlike some fluorescent bulbs.
  • Dimmability: Many LED bulbs are dimmable, offering greater control over lighting levels.
  • Versatility: Available in a wide range of colors, shapes, and sizes to suit various applications.